Gerrymandering WikipediaJerrymander redirects here. Jerrymander may also refer to the arachnid known as Solifugae. Play hundreds of free online games including racing, action, dress up, escape, arcade, puzzle and brain games. Plus, all you favorite Disney and Star Wars characters A look at the relationship between Mike and Sulley during their days at Monsters University when they werent necessarily the best of friends. Pokmon, Pokemon, abbreviated from the Japanese title of Pocket Monsters, Poketto Monsut and currently advertised in. We can tell you thrilling stories about 3d Monster Latina Tube Porn for hours but the best way to see what it is famous for is visiting it Welcome to the largest. Visualization of Gerrymandering. In the process of setting electoral districts, gerrymandering is a practice intended to establish a political advantage for a particular party or group by manipulating district boundaries. TmUait_O_4/hqdefault.jpg' alt='Whole Monsters University Cartoon Online ' title='Whole Monsters University Cartoon Online ' />The resulting district is known as a gerrymander, recently changed from the original however, that word can also refer to the process. The term gerrymandering has negative connotations. Two principal tactics are used in gerrymandering cracking i. In addition to its use achieving desired electoral results for a particular party, gerrymandering may be used to help or hinder a particular demographic, such as a political, ethnic, racial, linguistic, religious, or class group, such as in U. S. federal voting district boundaries that produce a majority of constituents representative of African American or other racial minorities, known as majority minority districts. Gerrymandering can also be used to protect incumbents. Difference from malapportionmenteditGerrymandering should not be confused with malapportionment, whereby the number of eligible voters per elected representative can vary widely without relation to how the boundaries are drawn. Nevertheless, the mander suffix has been applied to particular malapportionments. Sometimes political representatives use both gerrymandering and malapportionment to try to maintain power. Etymologyedit. Harry Potter author J. K. Rowlings delivers Harvards 2008 Commencement address. The New The Polar Express Cartoon here. In the process of setting electoral districts, gerrymandering is a practice intended to establish a political advantage for a particular party or group by. Printed in March 1. South Essex created by the Massachusetts legislature to favor the Democratic Republican Party candidates of Governor Elbridge Gerry over the Federalists. The caricature satirizes the bizarre shape of a district in Essex County, Massachusetts, as a dragon like monster. Federalist newspaper editors and others at the time likened the district shape to a salamander, and the word gerrymander was a blend of that word and Governor Gerrys last name. The word gerrymander originally written Gerry mander was used for the first time in the Boston Gazette on 2. March 1. 81. 2. The word was created in reaction to a redrawing of Massachusetts state senate election districts under Governor Elbridge Gerry pronounced 1. In 1. 81. 2, Governor Gerry signed a bill that redistricted Massachusetts to benefit his Democratic Republican Party. When mapped, one of the contorted districts in the Boston area was said to resemble the shape of a mythological salamander. The original gerrymander, and original 1. Essex South state senatorial district for the legislature of The Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Gerrymander is a portmanteau of the governors last name and the word salamander. The redistricting was a notable success. Although in the 1. Massachusetts House and governorship were won by Federalists by a comfortable margin and cost Gerry his job, the redistricted state senate remained firmly in Democratic Republican hands. The author of the term gerrymander may never be definitively established. Historians widely believe that the Federalist newspaper editors Nathan Hale, and Benjamin and John Russell coined the term, but the historical record does not have definitive evidence as to who created or uttered the word for the first time. Appearing with the term, and helping spread and sustain its popularity, was a political cartoon depicting a strange animal with claws, wings and a dragon like head satirizing the map of the oddly shaped district. This cartoon was most likely drawn by Elkanah Tisdale, an early 1. Boston at the time. Tisdale had the engraving skills to cut the woodblocks to print the original cartoon. These woodblocks survive and are preserved in the Library of Congress. The word gerrymander was reprinted numerous times in Federalist newspapers in Massachusetts, New England, and nationwide during the remainder of 1. This suggests some organized activity of the Federalists to disparage Governor Gerry in particular, and the growing Democratic Republican party in general. Gerrymandering soon began to be used to describe not only the original Massachusetts example, but also other cases of district shape manipulation for partisan gain in other states. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the words acceptance was marked by its publication in a dictionary 1. Since the letter g of the eponymous Gerry is pronounced with a hard g as in get, the word gerrymander was originally pronounced. However, pronunciation as, with a soft g d as in gentle, has become the accepted pronunciation. From time to time, other names are given the mander suffix to tie a particular effort to a particular politician or group. These include the 1. Henry mandering, Jerrymander referring to California Governor Jerry Brown,1. Perrymander a reference to Texas Governor Rick Perry,1. Tullymander after the Irish politician James Tully. Voting systemseditGerrymandering is used most often in favor of ruling incumbents1. Societies whose legislatures use a single winner electoral system are the most likely to have political parties that gerrymander for advantage. Most notably, gerrymandering is particularly effective in non proportional systems that tend towards fewer parties, such as first past the post. In proportional election systems, where political parties are represented in proportion to the total numbers of votes they receive, gerrymandering has little or less significance. Some countries, such as Australia, Canada, and the UK, authorize non partisan organizations to set constituency boundaries in an attempt to prevent gerrymandering. Gerrymandering is most common in countries where elected politicians are responsible for defining constituency boundaries. They have an obvious and immediate interest in the outcome of the process. Gerrymandering tacticsedit. This satirical map reflects the origin of the word gerrymander, by Elkanah Tisdale in 1. The primary goals of gerrymandering are to maximize the effect of supporters votes and to minimize the effect of opponents votes. These can be accomplished through a number of ways Cracking involves spreading voters of a particular type among many districts in order to deny them a sufficiently large voting bloc in any particular district. An example would be to split the voters in an urban area among several districts wherein the majority of voters are suburban, on the presumption that the two groups would vote differently, and the suburban voters would be far more likely to get their way in the elections. Packing is to concentrate as many voters of one type into a single electoral district to reduce their influence in other districts. In some cases, this may be done to obtain representation for a community of common interest such as to create a majority minority district, rather than to dilute that interest over several districts to a point of ineffectiveness and, when minority groups are involved, to avoid likely lawsuits charging racial discrimination. When the party controlling the districting process has a statewide majority, packing is usually not necessary to attain partisan advantage the minority party can generally be cracked everywhere. Kotaku. Its cake versus ice cream for Splatoon 2s first Splatfest and were streaming all the fun live on our Twitch channel. Come and join the mayhem You can watch a saved recording of the stream below.